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The ongoing breakneck developments in sensor and computational processing technologies driven by mobile phones and autonomous vehicles could be applied to medical devices. One capability that might be particularly useful involves 3d scanning, which is essentially the ability to take discrete measurement points over the surface of an object. Each measured point is an XYZ cooridinate in three dimensional space. That coordinate can be combined with data from a camera sensor (RGB) or other inputs from yet different sensors. That single point in space joined with the data from the other sensors can be compared to a measurement of the same point taken earlier or to an optimal model, and the change recorded. The amazing thing is that whereas once measurement were captured one point at a time (using a CMM device) it’s now possible to measure hundreds of thousands of points in a fraction of a second – faster than 1/50th of a second which is about the threshold for a device to be handheld. Each point is about as far away from each other as pixels on a camera. The end result is a high resolution 3d model with each point having the potential to contain a wide range of data, and for the device that creates it to operate as easily as a camera. side note: If you’d like to see an example of a scan where each point measured produced an XYZRGB coordinate, I included a link (you may have to copy and paste into your browser). It will load in a web based 3d viewer and you can move it around using your mouse. If you’d like to communicate with me directly my email is brad@cirri.co source: https://www.linkedin.com/groups/78665/78665-6090906026310197248 Marked as spam
 Posted by Asked on January 7, 2016 12:00 am
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Riccardo Rosati
Accurate facial analysis is essential for diagnosis and preparation of a treatment plan for patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, orthognathic surgery, or facial plastic surgery; for diagnosis of genetic and acquired malformations; for the study of normal and abnormal growth; and for morphometric investigation and monitoring of age related evolution. Because facial anthropometry plays an important role in the diagnosis of several dysmorphic syndromes, clinicians should apply the best diagnostic techniques for patient education, presurgical planning, and postoperative analysis. With constant upgrading of informatics and communication technology, the standards for data storage and retrieval and information usage, allied with biomedical knowledge, have transformed traditional methods of diagnosis, visualization, and treatment. These efforts were aimed at reducing the time spent on examinations and improving the reliability of measurements. The development of different techniques for 3D reproduction of facial topography such as ultrasound, laser scanning, holography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR), electromagnetic digitizer, and stereophotogrammetry, significantly changed the process of diagnosis by providing a lot of facial anatomical details. Unfortunately, current devices for facial 3D analysis are costly, impeding their routine clinical use.
More info: Angle Orthod. 2009 Nov;79(6):1070-7 Int J Oral Sci. 2012 Mar;4(1):34-7. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010 Sep;68(9):2129-35 Marked as spam
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Brad Moore
Thank you Riccardo, a very thoughtful post. Given the advancement of supporting technologies component costs are trending down. It would be interesting to hear more about price as a barrier to adoption for this kind of device. This could be a post on its own. Is there a price point below which a device used for facial 3d analysis is likely to be adopted for routing clinical use (assuming it works), and above which will not?
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Riccardo Rosati
Your question is very complicated. My opinion is that (at the moment) there are still no diagnostic guidelines and clinical procedures universally shared about facial morphological diagnosis. The gold standard in clinical morphologic diagnosis (radiography) is not replaceable at 100% with 3D soft tissue facial analysis. 3D surface analysis remains a diagnostic aid but not a substitute . So I think its commercial value is a bit reduced now. I think that at the moment is a very useful technique from a didactic point of view to explain the patients need and for scientific investigations. Another application field could be the dermatologic monitoring of cutaneous annexes as mole. It is impossible for me to give you a reasonable price threeshold. In my personal view <10.000 euro effective facial scanner have at the moment a market for (italian) dentist but it is sensation not a opinion!
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Veronika Valdova
Modeling of damaged or destroyed structures, such as inter-vertebral discs. 3D printed stroma can be used to support tissue grown from patients own adipose-derived stem-cells.
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Antonin Cuc
Brad, there are necessary to substitutw modelling the "Based Evidenced Med." with "Based Evidenced Science Transformal processing planning and managing". There are trivial to detect in the complicated medical processing Plan - step by step allways by the Technical forensic requirements on the right acitivity in mandatory sequential and timing processing. Each individual absency or bad technical mistakes...it classified whole medical Processing out of Lege Artis. It is trivial not only to take the scanning to planning and real controlling - but we should take in Transformal processing channel extremal more to take videorecording the critical Cross section in the Channel, subchannels, to dulicate some realisation Capacities in subchannels, we could supervise the extremal dangerous activites of medical worflow. et. etc. I have been patented such Criminal testing and perfect projecting, managing extremal complicated Streams of innovation in the Channel with minimize risks, entropy!
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Anything which can record an accurate 3D e-image, in a way that the biological material, density and thickness, can be as accurate as you say, could be very successfully used, as the patient input, when calculating Bayesian monte carlo analysis, as part of %dose depth and dose calculations, in chemotherapy. Damage control of healthy cells along with organs behind a tumour site, lead to a decision between how many times a patient has to endure Chemo. If there was a more accurate method available, to model the unique patient, potentially this could be the next step in minimising the complimentary methods used together to help kill the tumour. Crosby mentions quality costs nothing; my take on this would be if this technology is available, verify it - the net effect has to be a cheaper and faster treatment plan, reducing risk of killing healthy cells.
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Brad Moore
At the moment I'm not aware of sensors that can determine density and thickness of biological material beneath the surface - a kind of ground penetrating radar. If it does exist (and if may very well) here's how it could be used: The 3d scanning technology creates a measurement point on the surface of biological material, that surface coordinate/point can act as an anchor to place subsurface data measurements at that same location. A cross section of the resulting 3d model would now have a thickness revealling the subsurface information. It would be interesting to hear from members who are aware of sensors that could achieve subsurface measurement.
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Not sure about the capability/resolution of the scanner but the dental market may be intriguing. Could be used for creating crowns, bridges, dentures, creation of implants, etc. Plus, in my experience, the dental market seems a little more willing to try new things versus other medical specialties such as orthopedics. Another industry that may have some application is the splint/casting market in making more custom fittings for the support of broken and/or sprained joints
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Brad, For sure Orthotics and Prosthetics as well as foot orthotics are instances where a few companies have already ventured with scanning modification of the files scanned etc... I have been involved with these fields for many years. The problems that many have found are (this is in no particular order) 1. Many of the typical situations where casting would be used also have the practitioner positioning the patient at the same time and this creates problems in the scanning. 2. Many of the scanner options available at the moment are simply to cost prohibitive for many practitioners to justify. 3. Movement. as patients are being scanned in many cases the vast majority of scanners can not cope with the patients moving. A case where in point would be scanning children's heads for Cranial helmets.
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Lisa Shaffer
The Aesthetics industry is already using 3D imaging equipment. See Canfield Scientific.
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